with Bob Condly
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Bob Condly

Follower of Jesus, father of three, vice-president of West Coast Bible College and Seminary

Transfiguring the Transfiguration, Part 1

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He saw it! The apostle Peter was one of three eyewitnesses to the transfiguration of Jesus Christ (Matthew 17:1-2, Mark 9:2-3, Luke 9:28-29). What an amazing experience of the splendor of the Lord! To behold the Lord bright and glowing, radiating the glory of God is an event he’d never forget.

And he never did.

Decades later, Peter recounted the incident in his second letter to Gentile Christians in the provinces of what’s now the country of Turkey. (I’m using the NASB20 version for most of the Bible quotes in this post.)

For we did not follow cleverly devised tales when we made known to you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but we were eyewitnesses of His majesty. 17For when He received honor and glory from God the Father, such a declaration as this was made to Him by the Majestic Glory: “This is My beloved Son with whom I am well pleased”– 18and we ourselves heard this declaration made from heaven when we were with Him on the holy mountain. – 2 Peter 1:16-18

Unlike false teachers and heretics (people he confronts in chapter 2), Peter didn’t spin tall tales to promote the gospel. He just told the truth about what he’d witnessed.

But he’s not a reporter; he’s an apostle. An elder. Someone who cares about the spiritual growth of followers of Jesus.

So Peter declares the Transfiguration, but he also applies it in creative ways. We could say that Peter transfigures the Transfiguration.

He does this in three ways, so to deal with them adequately, we’re going to look at one per week for three weeks.

In today’s post, I want to explore the eschatology of the Transfiguration.

Eschatology?

It’s a term theologians use to refer to the study of the end times or “last things.” It covers topics like the future of Israel, final judgment and the defeat of evil, the return of Christ, and the new heavens and new earth.

Eschatology deals with personal matters, too, like death and one’s eternal state in blessing or turmoil.

At first glance, the passage above doesn’t have anything to do with the end times. Peter was describing an event that happened about 30 years before he wrote this second letter. It’s history, not future.

But he sets up the Transfiguration by referring to “the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ” (vs. 16). The Greek word for “power” is dunamis and it’s pretty common in the New Testament, occurring 119 times. (In the Greek Old Testament, dunamis occurs 383 times.)

Certainly, power characterized Christ’s ministry. Jesus healed the sick (Matthew 8:1-17), cast out demons (Mark 5:1-13), stilled a storm (Luke 8:22-25), and raised the dead (John 11:41-44). All four gospel writers affirm the power of God at work in and through Jesus Christ.

The second word is where things get interesting. “Coming” is parousia in Greek and according to the Blue Letter Bible website, it has the following meanings: presence, coming, arrival, advent. The word is not as common as dunamis; it occurs 24 times in the Greek New Testament (and not at all in the Greek Old Testament).

We usually associate this term with Christ’s second coming. Out of the 24 verses, 16 of them relate to the return of Jesus to this world (Matthew 24:3, 27, 37, 39; 1 Corinthians 15:23; 1 Thessalonians 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23; 2 Thessalonians 2:1, 8; James 5:7, 8; 2 Peter 3:4, 12; 1 John 2:28).

Most of the remaining verses (1 Corinthians 16:17; 2 Corinthians 7:6, 7; 10:10; Philippians 1:26; 2:12) deal with travel-related issues, with one exception. 2 Thessalonians 2:9 talks about a person Christians identify as the antichrist. Paul calls him the man of lawlessness as he prophesied about the arrival of this evil man on the world stage.

If two thirds of the verses concern the Second Coming, and 2 Peter 3 uses parousia in a discussion about Christ’s return, it makes sense to treat the word that way in 1:16.

Except Peter doesn’t.

He refers to the Transfiguration, not the Second Coming. One already happened; the other has yet to transpire.

It seems odd that Peter would phrase things this way, unless he had a purpose.

And I think he did.

The Transfiguration presages the Second Coming. It reveals ahead of time what will be released universally when Jesus comes back. The world–its current corruption and degradation–will end at Christ’s return to establish His kingdom on earth. The Lord will transform the whole world. Peter writes that “according to His promise we are looking for new heavens and a new earth, in which righteousness dwells” (2 Peter 3:13). At the Second Coming, we’re going to get it!

What Peter, James, and John saw on the mountain was a display of divine glory that will go global. The Transfiguration is a portent of the future God intends for those who honor His Son. Jesus is God in human flesh, and for a moment, the apostles got a chance to view His brilliance. While that occasion was brief, it points to something permanent. 

Something that involves us.

And that’s what we’ll look at next week!

Peter’s Use of the Old Testament, Part 2

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When Peter hearkens back to the Old Testament, he’s intentional about it. I had reason to believe this when I saw similar vocabulary in 2 Peter 1:9 (I’ll be using the NASB20) and the Greek Old Testament version of Job 7:21. 

Here are the two verses:

  • “For the one who lacks these qualities is blind or short-sighted, having forgotten his purification from his former sins.” – 2 Peter 1:9
  • “Why did You not assign my lawlessness to oblivion and my sin to purging? But now I shall depart to the ground, and early in the morning I shall be no more.” – Job 7:21 (NETS)

I’ve used three colors to distinguish the pairs. Amber is for lethe, which means “forgetfulness.” Pink is for katharismos, which means “cleansing.” And red is for hamartia, which is an archery term that means “missing the mark.” That’s an effective way to illustrate what sin looks like.

When two verses use the same three words, you would think there’d be some connection between the two. Are they talking about the same subject? Do the writers have the same goal?

But when I look over these verses, it seems to me that Peter and Job are discussing different issues. The apostle was encouraging Christians to grow in their adoption and practice of godly virtues (2 Peter 1:5-8). Those who fail to do so neglect the blessing of their forgiveness. 

But so what? If people forget important facts, they just need simple reminders. Doesn’t seem like a big deal. 

And Peter does aim to remind his readers of gospel truth.

“Therefore, I will always be ready to remind you of these things, even though you already know them and have been established in the truth which is present with you.” – 2 Peter 1:12

But he doesn’t stop there. He adds some new, unexpected, information.

“I consider it right, as long as I am in this earthly dwelling, to stir you up by way of reminder, 14knowing that the laying aside of my earthly dwelling is imminent, as also our Lord Jesus Christ has made clear to me. 15And I will also be diligent that at any time after my departure you will be able to call these things to mind.” – 2 Peter 1:13-15

Peter’s trying to stir up the memories of these believers because he’s not going to be around much longer. His death is impending.

While this announcement might have startled his readers, it was old news for the apostle himself. Decades earlier, after the resurrection, Jesus told Peter about his final days.

“‘Truly, truly I tell you, when you were younger, you used to put on your belt and walk wherever you wanted; but when you grow old, you will stretch out your hands and someone else will put your belt on you, and bring you where you do not want to go.’ 19Now He said this, indicating by what kind of death he would glorify God. And when He had said this, He said to him, ‘Follow Me!’” – John 21:18-19

Well before he wrote his letters, Peter got his marching orders. Follow Jesus all the way to the end. If his life is taken from him, so be it. But he had to decide. Obey the Lord, or take his own path? Peter listened to Jesus.

Now that his life is drawing to a close, Peter wants the Christians he’s discipled to conduct themselves with similar commitment. Live for God because you can! You qualify! Your sins excluded you from the privilege of knowing the Lord and working for Him, but Christ has solved your sin problem! I can almost hear Peter saying, “Now get going! Serve Christ before you run out of time!”

The verse in Job also raises the issue of death. Like Peter, he’s talking about his own demise, except that Job wanted to die while the apostle was simply obeying the will of God.

Job had endured the loss of most of his family and his resources (Job 1:13-19), and then his health (Job 2:7). He had little left, and wished he’d never been born (Job 3:1-19). But since that wasn’t an option, the next best option was death.

This afflicted soul entertained the possibility that his sin caused his pain. Job wasn’t sure, but he was willing to consider it. Yet even if that were the case, he felt there wasn’t anything he could do to alleviate the situation. If God was punishing him, why not finish the job? Let me die!

Peter didn’t want the Christians under his care to endure such turmoil. They could look to the cross of Christ as the basis of God’s forgiveness. Sins are real, but the blood of Jesus is greater than all of them put together. A life of freedom and dedicated service to the Lord is not only possible, it’s God’s gift to all who believe the gospel.

None of us has unlimited time. Job thought that his afflictions would kill him. Peter had a word from Jesus that his time on earth was concluding (2 Peter 1:14). We may not know the precise time of our departure from this life, but what matters more is knowing God’s forgiven us. Far better for the Lord to forget our sins than for us to forget His forgiveness. The suffering and death of Jesus for us are priceless treasures which we must guard and keep all our days. Through them, the Lord purifies us to enter His presence and serve Him. These are keys to abundant, meaningful living.

One final twist. Peter died not too long after writing his second letter. But Job didn’t get his wish; instead, God restored him. Abundantly! (See Job 42:10-17.)

God calls us to know Him, love Him, and serve Him. Our sins interfere with these, but the blood of Christ’s cross purifies us from everything that sullies our souls and disqualifies us from Him. By trusting in the work of Jesus, we can grow in virtue and fulfill His purposes for our lives. Regardless of how much time we have left, let’s stay grounded in the gospel and committed to serving our Savior however we can.

with Bob Condly

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